Durham, Rachel and Stephen B. Plank. Baltimore Educational Research Consortium, March 2010.The results from this study of four elementary schools show increased academic achievement and reduced chronic absence. It suggests that many recent reform efforts–among them improved developmental conditions from birth to age five, universal prekindergarten, reduced class sizes in the early grades, and standardized curricula–are succeeding in keeping Baltimore students on track for success in the middle grades and beyond. Continuing research should attempt to disentangle these various inputs to education, and also investigate the relative returns to investment when resources are directed to the programs.